Science explained

Surface tension, droplets and soap bubbles

Surface tension comes from cohesive molecular forces at a liquid surface.

ChemistrySurface tension

Editorial review: August 12, 2026 · Julian E. Marston

Surface molecules are unbalanced

They experience a different set of attractions than molecules surrounded by liquid.

Droplets tend toward compact shapes

Reducing surface area lowers surface energy.

Soap changes the interface

Surfactants reduce water's surface tension and help stabilize thin films.

Bubbles are thin liquid films

A soap bubble traps gas between two surfactant-covered liquid surfaces.

This page explains scientific concepts for general learning. It does not replace laboratory safety procedures, professional engineering guidance, or individualized medical advice.