Reflection
The geometry of reflection links incoming and outgoing angles at a surface.
Refraction
Light changes speed in different materials, which changes its direction when it crosses a boundary at an angle.
Dispersion
Different wavelengths can refract by slightly different amounts.
Optical devices combine effects
Mirrors, lenses and prisms use controlled reflection or refraction.
Source trail: NASA: electromagnetic spectrum
This page explains scientific concepts for general learning. It does not replace laboratory safety procedures, professional engineering guidance, or individualized medical advice.