Science explained

Plant growth: light, water, carbon and mineral nutrients

Plants grow by combining carbon from carbon dioxide with water and mineral nutrients while using energy captured through photosynthesis.

BiologyPlants

Editorial review: August 12, 2026 · Julian E. Marston

Most dry plant mass comes from carbon dioxide

Carbon atoms from the atmosphere become sugars, cellulose and many other compounds.

Roots acquire water and minerals

Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients are needed in appropriate amounts.

Soil is more than dirt

Its texture, structure, organic matter, chemistry and organisms affect roots and water.

More fertilizer is not automatically better

Nutrient excess can harm plants and surrounding ecosystems.

This page explains scientific concepts for general learning. It does not replace laboratory safety procedures, professional engineering guidance, or individualized medical advice.