Science explained

Circadian rhythms and the daily biological clock

Circadian rhythms are roughly 24-hour biological cycles coordinated by internal molecular clocks and environmental cues such as light.

BiologySleep

Editorial review: August 12, 2026 · Julian E. Marston

The brain coordinates timing

A central clock in the brain helps synchronize sleep-wake patterns with day and night.

Cells also keep time

Many tissues contain molecular clocks that influence gene activity and metabolism.

Light is a major timing cue

Retinal signals help align the internal clock with the external light-dark cycle.

Dreams are a separate research question

Dreaming occurs during several sleep stages, but scientists continue studying its functions rather than having one settled explanation.

This page explains scientific concepts for general learning. It does not replace laboratory safety procedures, professional engineering guidance, or individualized medical advice.