Science explained

Acids, bases and pH

Acid-base chemistry describes proton transfer and related changes in aqueous solutions.

ChemistrypH

Editorial review: August 12, 2026 · Julian E. Marston

pH is logarithmic

A one-unit pH change corresponds to a tenfold change in hydrogen-ion activity under the usual definition.

Acids and bases react

Neutralization can form water and salts, but real systems depend on concentration and chemical identity.

Buffers resist pH change

Buffer systems use chemical equilibria to reduce changes when small amounts of acid or base are added.

Labels matter more than kitchen rules

Household products can contain mixtures, so never infer safe combinations only from an acid/base label.

This page explains scientific concepts for general learning. It does not replace laboratory safety procedures, professional engineering guidance, or individualized medical advice.